Identify and assess sensitivities for your forest management plan application
When you apply for a forest management plan you must use the sensitivities form to tell us about:
- sensitivities on, adjacent to, or functionally connected to your forest management unit
- compartments or sub-compartments affected
- risks to, and impacts on, the sensitivity and how you will manage them
- any consultation required
Use this page to find out:
- which maps and datasets can help you identify sensitivities
- if you may need additional consents or permissions
- if you must carry out consultation
What we mean by ‘sensitivities’
Sensitivities are features, areas, species or constraints that require special consideration due to their environmental, cultural, legal or operational importance.
Approximately 30% of Wales’ land and waters are designated for wildlife, landscape or geological interest.
Other sensitivities include protected species, historic features, veteran trees, hedgerows, watercourses, access routes and infrastructure.
Sensitivities you should consider
Consider all sensitivities listed on this page in sections 1 to 8.
How to identify sensitivities
Use our interactive map viewer as a starting point to identify sensitivities.
Find other maps or data sources under each sensitivity on this page.
Where mapped data is insufficient, use site surveys, professional advice and other datasets. An absence of records does not confirm absence of a sensitivity.
Do not limit your assessment to the extent of your forest management unit (FMU). Consider all sensitivities within, adjacent to, or those which are functionally connected to your FMU. Your activities may have off-site effects on functionally connected sensitivities. For example:
- a watercourse within the FMU drains into a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) designated river. This may result in an increased risk of sedimentation input from forest operations.
- bats in a nearby SAC are reliant on woodland roosts within the FMU. Forest operations may result in a loss of supporting habitat for a European Protected Species.
- a council road is situated beneath a steeply sloping FMU. Clearfelling may result in an increased risk of flooding and landslides, posing a risk to public safety.
Consultation
Some sensitivities trigger statutory consultation. For others, the UK Forestry Standard states that it is good practice to undertake stakeholder engagement where your plan is likely to impact sensitivities. In some situations it is your responsibility to ensure consultation and engagement is completed. In other situations it is our responsibility.
Further guidance on consultation is provided for each sensitivity.
Undertake all consultation prior to applying for your forest management plan and upload consultation responses as part of your application.
Other consents and permissions
Some sensitivities may require additional consents or permissions for you to legally carry out your proposed activities. It is your responsibility to secure all necessary consents and permissions before beginning your operations.
1. Designated sites
Use our interactive map viewer to find the following designated sites.
National Nature Reserves (NNR)
NNRs are designated to protect and manage nationally important habitats, species and geological features.
You do not need to carry out a separate statutory consultation.
We will use the information you provide to assess impacts on SACs through a Habitats Regulations Assessment where required.
Ramsar site
Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance. Forestry operations may affect hydrology or ecological connectivity.
You do not need to carry out a separate statutory consultation.
We will use the information you provide to assess impacts on SACs through a Habitats Regulations Assessment where required.
Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)
SSSIs protect the most important habitats, species and geological features in Wales.
You do not need to carry out a separate statutory consultation.
We will use the information you provide to apply for SSSI consent on your behalf. If you already have consent, include the SSSI consent number on the sensitivities form.
Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)
SACs are designated under the EC Habitats Directive to protect habitats and species of European importance. Forestry operations may affect qualifying features.
You do not need to carry out a separate statutory consultation.
We will use the information you provide to assess impacts on SACs through a Habitats Regulations Assessment where required.
Special Protection Area (SPA)
SPAs are designated to conserve rare and vulnerable bird species listed under the Birds Directive. Forestry operations may affect nesting, foraging or commuting habitats.
You do not need to carry out a separate statutory consultation.
We will use the information you provide to assess impacts on SACs through a Habitats Regulations Assessment where required.
Designated site types
Find out more about types of protected land
2. Protected landscapes and features
Historic Parks and Gardens
Historic Parks and Gardens are registered historic landscapes of special interest.
Cadw is a statutory consultee. We will consult Cadw on your behalf using the information you provide in the sensitivities table.
Find Historic Parks and Gardens on:
Find out more about Historic Parks and Gardens
National Landscapes (formerly AONBs)
National Landscapes are designated to conserve and enhance natural beauty, including landscape character, biodiversity, geodiversity and cultural heritage.
There are no statutory consultation requirements, however you may to consult with the relevant local authority National Landscape team.
Use our interactive map viewer to find National Landscapes.
Find out more about National Landscapes
National Parks
National Parks are landscapes of national importance where forestry can influence landscape character, cultural heritage and public enjoyment.
There are no statutory consultation requirements. You may want to consult with the National Park Authority, particularly where your operations may have a significant impact on the landscape.
Use our interactive map viewer to find National Parks.
Find out more about National Parks
Scheduled Monuments
Scheduled Monuments are nationally important archaeological features protected by law. Forestry operations can damage both below and above-ground remains.
Cadw is a statutory consultee. We will consult Cadw on your behalf using the information you provide in the sensitivities table.
You may require Scheduled Monument Consent from Cadw where your proposals are likely to impact Scheduled Monuments. It is your responsibility to obtain consent where necessary.
Find scheduled monuments on:
Find out more about Scheduled Monuments
3. Environmental sensitivities
Ancient Woodland Sites
Ancient woodland has existed continuously since at least 1600 AD and includes Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland (ASNW), Restored Ancient Woodland Sites (RAWS) and Ancient Woodland Sites of Unknown Category.
You do not need to carry out consultation.
Use our interactive map viewer to find Ancient Woodland Sites.
Find out more about Ancient Woodland
Deep peat
Peat soils 50cm or deeper provide critical carbon storage and hydrological functions. Restocking may be inappropriate.
Where deep peat is in, adjoining or hydrologically connected to your forest management unit, you must complete and upload the deep peat assessment form in support of your application.
Find out more about identifying and managing deep peat
Hedgerows
Some hedgerows are protected under the Hedgerows Regulations 1997. Hedgerows provide habitat, food and movement corridors for a wide range of species and can have historic and cultural significance.
You must consult the relevant local planning authority if you intend to remove hedgerows.
Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS)
PAWS are ancient woodlands that have been planted with non-native tree species. Ancient woodland soils, seed banks and ecological features may present restoration opportunities.
Where your FMU contains PAWS, you must complete and upload the PAWS Assessment Form in support of your application.
Use our interactive map viewer to find PAWS.
You do not need to carry out consultation.
Veteran trees
Veteran trees are irreplaceable ecological and cultural woodland features. You must ensure that forestry operations avoid physical damage or indirect impacts to veteran trees.
You do not need to carry out consultation.
The Ancient Tree Inventory records some veteran trees, but it is not comprehensive. You should check your FMU for veteran trees.
4. Watercourses and water bodies
Watercourses and water bodies include rivers, streams, drains, ponds and lakes. Forestry operations may affect water quality or hydrology.
You should refer to best practice guidance such as UKFS Practice Guides and Forestry Commission publications to inform your decision making and mitigation techniques.
You may require additional permission from us if you intend to carry out works:
- on a watercourse within an Internal Drainage District (IDD)
- on or near a main river or in a flood plain
You may require ordinary watercourse consent from the relevant local authority for works on an ordinary watercourse not within an IDD.
5. Local authority considerations
Council roads
Council roads can include public highways used for access and haulage.
You may need local authority consent for temporary closures.
Planning proposals
Existing or proposed developments may constrain forest operations.
Find planning proposals by contacting the relevant local planning authority. If your proposed activities are likely to impact planning proposals, consult with the relevant local planning authority.
Public Rights of Way
These are legally protected routes that must remain open unless formally closed.
You will need local authority consent for temporary closures to Public Rights of Way.
You can find Public Rights of Way on the relevant local authority’s definitive map.
Find out more about Public Rights of Way
Tree Preservation Orders (TPO) and Local Authority Conservation Area
TPOs protect trees of amenity or cultural value. A TPO makes it an offence to cut down or undertake tree surgery on a protected tree without permission, unless an exemption applies.
Conservation Areas require local authority consent for certain works, including felling, lopping and topping trees.
We will consult with the relevant Local Authority on your behalf, and apply for TPO/ Conservation Area consent where required.
6. Protected species and biodiversity
Protected species are protected under wildlife legislation. Forestry operations may affect individuals, breeding sites or resting places.
Protected species legislation applies regardless of current presence.
You should consult our species licensing team where impacts cannot be avoided. Surveys and mitigation may be necessary.
Find out more about how to consider protected species during forest operations
You can find records of protected species on NBN Atlas, Local Environmental Record Centres or Aderyn.
Badgers
Find out more about forest operations and badger setts
Bats
Good practice guide: protecting bats during woodland and forestry operations
Beavers
Contact us for advice on management options and licencing if you need to take action in an area where beavers are present.
Find out more about beaver licensing
Dormice
Good practice guide: protecting dormice during woodland and forestry operations
Great crested newts
Good practice guide: protecting great crested newts during woodland and forestry operations
Otters
Good practice guide: protecting otters during woodland and forestry operations
Pine marten
Good practice guide: protecting pine marten during woodland and forestry operations
Red squirrels
Some large-seeded tree species may be inappropriate if your FMP is within a red squirrel area.
Find red squirrels on DataMapWales
Good practice guide: protecting red squirrels during woodland and forestry operations
Schedule 1 Birds
Find out about the legislation protecting wild birds
Water voles
Good practice guide: protecting water voles during woodland and forestry operations
Deadwood
Deadwood supports specialist species and is a key component of woodland ecosystems.
You do not need to carry out consultation.
7. Site layout sensitivities
Priority habitats
Areas within woodlands and forest landscapes identified under Section 7 of the Environment (Wales) Act 2016 as habitats of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in Wales.
You do not need to undertake any consultation. We may consult with internal specialists if your proposals are likely to impact priority habitats.
Find priority habitats using the “Terrestrial Habitats: Phase 1 Information” layer on our interactive map viewer. Select “Phase 1 vegetation” from the dropdown.
Wayleaves
Wayleaves are agreements permitting infrastructure within woodland.
Consider management in and around wayleaves to avoid damage to infrastructure caused by trees and forest management activities.
You should consult with the infrastructure owner prior to commencing operations.
8. Tree health
Ash dieback
Infected ash should be managed appropriately according to the risk presented. Infected trees require a felling licence unless an exemption applies.
You do not need to undertake any consultation.
Find out more about managing ash dieback
Ips typographus
Ips typographus is a high-risk quarantine pest of spruce.
You should report suspected cases of Ips typographus via TreeAlert.
Phytophthora ramorum (larch)
P. ramorum is a regulated plant pathogen affecting larch and other species, and as such is normally subject to the issue of a Statutory Plant Health Notice (movement on request) Notice (SPHN[mr]) alongside other requirements.
The current approach is under review so we will advise you what is required when we process your application.
Report suspected cases of P. ramorum infection via TreeAlert.
Complete the sensitivities form
Download the sensitivities form
Compartments or sub-compartments affected
You need to list:
- all compartments or sub-compartments that are within or adjacent to the sensitivity
- all compartments or sub-compartments that are functionally connected to the sensitivity
- sites with planned operations which could have off-site effects on the sensitivity
Name of site/description of sensitivity
Identify the name of the site. You can do this by loading the data layer on DataMapWales, and clicking within the boundary of the sensitivity to reveal the name.
For sites without a specific name, write a brief description of the sensitivity.
How might your plans impact the sensitivity? What are the risks?
Identify the risks associated with your planned activities and what the potential impacts might be without mitigation.
How will you reduce the impacts and risks?
For each sensitivity where you’ve identified an impact and risk, outline what action you will take to reduce their magnitude and likelihood.
Is consultation required?
If statutory consultation is required, select 'yes'. If not, select 'no'.
Habitat Regulations Assessments we may carry out
Activities which might affect SSSIs, SACs, SPAs or Ramsar sites must be assessed to understand their potential impacts. This is known as a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) and is undertaken by us.
We will decide whether an HRA is required based on the potential impact of your forestry works on the conservation objectives of the qualifying features for which the site was classified.
If we determine that an HRA is needed, it will consider the site sensitivities, the likelihood and magnitude of impacts caused by proposed forestry works on the site’s features, and how the risks will be mitigated.
The information you provide in the sensitivity form will inform our HRA decision.